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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
hard link
hard linking
One of several directory entries which refer to
the same Unix file. A hard link is created with the "ln"
(link) command:
ln
where and are pathnames within the
same file system. Hard links to the same file are
indistinguishable from each other except that they have
different pathnames. They all refer to the same inode and
the inode contains all the information about a file.
The standard ln command does not usually allow you to create a
hard link to a directory, chiefly because the standard rm
and rmdir commands do not allow you to delete such a link.
Some systems provide link and unlink commands which give
direct access to the system calls of the same name, for
which no such restrictions apply.
Normally all hard links to a file must be in the same {file
system} because a directory entry just relates a pathname to
an inode within the same file system. The only exception is a
mount point.
The restrictions on hard links to directories and between
file systems are very common but are not mandated by POSIX.
Symbolic links are often used instead of hard links because
they do not suffer from these restrictions.
The space associated with a file is not freed until all the
hard links to the file are deleted. This explains why the
system call to delete a file is called "unlink".
Microsoft Windows NTFS supports hard links via the
fsutil command.
Unix manual page: ln(1).
http://microsoft.com/windowsxp/home/using/productdoc/en/fsutil_hardlink.asp.
(2004-02-24)